Description
In this workshop, you are to code/complete two classes:
– **Text:** A class that can load the contents of a text file into memory and insert it into ostream.
– **HtmlText**: A **Text** Class that has a title and can insert the text contents of the class into ostream in simple HTML format.
Learning Outcomes
Upon successful completion of this workshop, you will have demonstrated the abilities to:
– Apply [the rule of three](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rule_of_three_(C%2B%2B_programming)) and its derived class.
– Use your acquired skills throughout the semester to read a file into dynamically allocated memory.
– describe what you have learned in completing this workshop
## Submission Policy
The workshop is divided into one coding part and one non-coding part:
– Part 1: worth 100% of the workshop’s total mark, is due on **Thursday at 23:59:59** of the week of your scheduled lab.
– Part 2 (reflection): non-coding part, is due on **Sunday at 23:59:59** of the week of your scheduled lab. The reflection doesn’t have marks associated with it but can incur a **penalty of max 40% of the whole workshop’s mark** if your professor deems it insufficient (you make your marks from the code, but you can lose some on the reflection).
**The code that is submitted late receives 0%.** On Sunday at midnight the submission closes; if the workshop is incomplete when the submission closes (missing at least one of the coding or non-coding parts), **the mark for the entire workshop is 0%**.
Every file that you submit must contain (as a comment) at the top **your name**, **your Seneca email**, **Seneca Employee ID** and the **date** when you completed the work.
If the file contains only your work or work provided to you by your professor, add the following message as a comment at the top of the file:
> I have done all the coding by myself and only copied the code that my professor provided to complete my workshops and assignments.
If the file contains work that is not yours (you found it online or somebody provided it to you), **write exactly which part of the assignment is given to you as help, who gave it to you, or which source you received it from.** By doing this you will only lose the price for the parts you got help for, and the person helping you will be clear of any wrongdoing.
## Compiling and Testing Your Program
All your code should be compiled using this command on `matrix`:
“`bash
g++ -Wall -std=c++11 -g -o ws file1.cpp file2.cpp …
“`
– `-Wall`: compiler will report all warnings
– `-std=c++11`: the code will be compiled using the C++11 standard
– `-g`: the executable file will contain debugging symbols, allowing *valgrind* to create better reports
– `-o ws`: the compiled application will be named `ws`
After compiling and testing your code, run your program as following to check for possible memory leaks (assuming your executable name is `ws`):
“`bash
valgrind ws
“`
To check the output, use a program that can compare text files. Search online for such a program for your platform, or use *diff* available on `matrix`.
> Note: All the code written in workshops and the project must be implemented in the **sdds** namespace.
# PART 1 (100%)
## Text class
**Text** class is created using a file name. If the name is not null it will store it dynamically in the memory and read it from the disk into a dynamically allocated memory (using the member function **read**).
“`C++
class Text {
char* m_filename;
char* m_content;
int getFileLength()const; // Code provided in Text.cpp
protected:
const char& operator[](int index)const;
public:
Text(const char* filename=nullptr);
// implement rule of three here
void read();
virtual void write(std::ostream& os)const;
};
// prototype of insertion overload into ostream goes here
“`
### Properties
#### m_filename (private)
Hold the name of the file dynamically
#### m_content (private)
Holds the content of the text file dynamically.
### Mandatory functionalities
> if anything goes wrong in setting up the class or reading a file, it will be set to an empty state.
#### const char& operator[](int index)const;
This index operator provides read-only access to the content of the text for the derived classes of Text.
The behaviour of the operator is not defined if the index goes out of bounds.
#### The rule of three
Implement the rule of three so memory is managed properly in case of copying and assignment.
#### int getFileLength()const
Code provided (int Text.cpp) ; it returns the length (size) of the text file on the disk. It returns zero if either the file does not exist or the content is empty.
#### void read()
First, read will the current content of the file and then allocates memory to the [size of the file on the disk](#int-getfilelengthconst) + 1 (for the null byte).
Then it will read the contents of the file character by character into the newly allocated memory and terminates it with a null byte at the end.
#### virtual void write(std::ostream& os)const;
This virtual function will insert the content of the Text class into the ostream if m_content is not null.
#### instertion overload into ostream
Overload the insertion operator for a Text object into ostream.
### Usage Sample
If the file **test.txt” has the following content:
“`text
abc\ndefg
“`
Having the following code snippet:
“`C++
Text T(“test.txt”);
Text Y(“whatever.txt”); // whatever.txt can exist or not
Text Z;
Y = T;
Z = Y;
Text X = Z;
cout << X << endl;
“`
The output will be:
“`Text
abc
defg
“`
## HtmlText class
**HtmlText** class is inherited from the **Text** for an HTML conversion. Make sure, like the **Text** class, [the rule of three](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rule_of_three_(C%2B%2B_programming)) is implemented here.
“`C++
#include “Text.h”
namespace sdds {
class HtmlText : public Text {
char* m_title;
public:
HtmlText(const char* filename=nullptr, const char* title = nullptr);
// rule of three goes here
};
}
“`
**HtmlText** class is created using an additional argument for the title of the HTML conversion and overrides the virtual write function of the base class.
When created **HtmlText** will pass the filename to its base class and if the title is not null, it will keep in dynamically as a property.
> if anything goes wrong in setting up the class or reading a file, it will be set to an empty state.
### char* m_title;
Holds the title of the HTML conversion dynamically.
### Text::write override
This override will convert the text file to a simple HTML file as follows:
First the open tags for html page, header and title are inserted into ostream proceeding with the open body tag. Then for all the conent of the file:
– **less than operator(<)** is replaced by “`”<”“` characters
– **greater than operator(>)** is replaced by “`”>”“` characters
– **newline (‘\n’)** is replaced by “`”<br />\n”“` characters
– **space character(‘ ‘)** if more than one, except from the first, the rest are replaced by “`” ”“`
At the end, the close tags for body and html page are inserted.
You can use your own logic to implement the above, or use the following guidelines:
To accomplish the above do the insertion into ostream as follows:
– create a boolean variable and set it to false to keep track of the occurance of multiple spaces (let’s call it **MS** for Multiple Spaces)
– insert “`”<html><head><title>”“`
– if **m_title** is not null, insert the title, otherwise insert “`”No Title”“`
– insert “`”</title></head>\n<body>\n”“`
– if “</title></head>\n<body>\n” is not null insert “`”<h1>” << m_title << “</h1>\n”“`
– loop through all the elements of the m_content (using the protected index operator) and convert the characters as follows:
“`Text
Based on the value of the current element in the loop
In case the value is a space
if MS is true insert “ ”
otherwise set MS to true and then insert a space (‘ ‘)
In case the value is ‘<‘
insert “<” and set the MS to false
In case the value is ‘>’
insert “>” and set the MS to false
In case the value is newline ‘\n’
insert “<br />\n” and set the MS to false
In all other cases
set the MS to false and insert the current value, unchanged.
“`
– at the end insert “`”</body>\n</html>”“` to end the html page.
## Tester program
> Another version of this program with a larger data file, that is used for submission, is added to this directory under the name **w10Tester_prof.cpp**
“`C++
// Workshop 10:
// Version: 1.0
// Date: 2021-04-04
// Author: Fardad Soleimanloo
// Description:
// This file tests the lab section of your workshop
/////////////////////////////////////////////
#include <iostream>
#include “HtmlText.h”
#include “Text.h”
using namespace std;
using namespace sdds;
void show(Text T) {
cout << “*” << T << “*” << endl;
}
void saveHtml(HtmlText H) {
ofstream(“dcwrLittle.html”)<<H;
}
void displayFile(const char* filename) {
cout << “File: ” << filename << endl;
cout << “==================================================” << endl;
ifstream fin(filename);
char ch = 0;
while (fin.get(ch)) {
cout << ch;
}
cout << endl << “==================================================” << endl;
}
int main() {
Text T(“test.txt”);
Text Y(“dcwrLittle.txt”);
Text Z;
Y = T;
Z = Y;
show(Y);
HtmlText H1(“dcwrLittle.txt”, “Derived Classes and Resources”);
HtmlText H2(“dcwrLittle.txt”);
HtmlText H3;
H2 = H1;
H3 = H2;
saveHtml(H3);
displayFile(“dcwrLittle.html”);
return 0;
}
“`
## output
“`Text
*abc
defg*
File: dcwrLittle.html
==================================================
<html><head><title>Derived Classes and Resources</title></head>
<body>
<h1>Derived Classes and Resources</h1>
Design classes with dynamically allocated resources to model the components of a programming solution<br />
Define the copy constructor and assignment operator for a derived class with a resource<br />
Identify the copy constructor and copy assignment operator defaults for a derived class<br />
“If you use pointers, you have to think about resource management” (Stroustrup, 1997)<br />
<br />
Inheritance hierarchies that access resources at multiple levels require intervention. Managing relationships between the special member functions in a hierarchy with multiple resources involves ensuring that the appropriate calls between these functions are made. The definitions of some copy constructors and copy assignment operators in the hierarchy may require explicit coding of the connections to their base class counterparts. <br />
<br />
This chapter describes how to define the constructors and the copy assignment operators in a hierarchy that access multiple resources and how to call their base class counterparts. <br />
<br />
<br />
CONSTRUCTORS AND DESTRUCTOR<br />
<br />
Each constructor of a derived class calls a constructor of its base class. By default, that constructor is the no-argument constructor. To override this default, we insert an explicit call to the base class constructor. <br />
<br />
Destructors in an inheritance hierarchy do not require any intervention, since each class in the hierarchy has but one destructor and each destructor calls its sole base class counterpart automatically. <br />
<br />
Example<br />
<br />
Let us upgrade the definition of our Student class to accommodate a client-defined number of grades. We store the grades in dynamic memory and store the address of that memory in a resource instance pointer. <br />
<br />
The upgraded definition of our Student class contains a resource instance pointer:<br />
<br />
// Student.h<br />
<br />
#include <iostream><br />
const int NC = 30;<br />
<br />
class Person {<br />
char name[NC+1];<br />
public:<br />
Person();<br />
Person(const char*);<br />
void display(std::ostream&) const; <br />
};<br />
<br />
class Student : public Person {<br />
int no;<br />
float* grade;<br />
int ng;<br />
public:<br />
Student();<br />
Student(int);<br />
Student(const char*, int, const float*, int); <br />
~Student();<br />
void display(std::ostream&) const;<br />
};</body>
</html>
==================================================
D:\Users\phard\Documents\Seneca\oop244\DEV\Workshops\WS10\lab\Debug\lab.exe (process 278736) exited with code 0.
Press any key to close this window . . .
“`
## Filese needed for submission
“`Text
cstring.h
cstring.cpp
Text.h
Text.cpp
HtmlText.h
HtmlText.cpp
w10Tester.cpp
“`
## PART 1 Submission
Upload your source code and data file to your `matrix` account. Compile and run your code using the `g++` compiler as shown above and make sure that everything works properly.
Then, run the following command from your account
– replace `profname.proflastname` with your professor’s Seneca userid
– replace **??** with your subject code (2**00** or 2**44**)
– replace **#** with the workshop number
– replace **X** with the workshop part number (**1** or **2**)
“`text
~profname.proflastname/submit 2??/w#/pX
“`
and follow the instructions.
> **⚠️Important:** Please note that a successful submission does not guarantee full credit for this workshop. If the professor is not satisfied with your implementation, your professor may ask you to resubmit. Re-submissions will attract a penalty.
# Part 2: Reflection
Study your final solutions for each deliverable of the workshop **and the most recent milestones of the project**, reread the related parts of the course notes, and make sure that you have understood the concepts covered by this workshop. **This should take no less than 30 minutes of your time and the result is suggested to be at least 150 words in length.**
Create a file named `reflect.txt` that contains your detailed description of the topics that you have learned in completing this workshop and **the project milestones** and mention any issues that caused you difficulty.
## Reflection Submission (part 2)
Upload the **reflect.txt** to your `matrix` account.
Then, run the following command from your account
– replace `profname.proflastname` with your professor’s Seneca userid
– replace **??** with your subject code (2**00** or 2**44**)
– replace **#** with the workshop number
– replace **X** with the workshop part number (**1** or **2**)
“`text
~profname.proflastname/submit 2??/w#/pX
“`
and follow the instructions.
> **⚠️Important:** Please note that a successful submission does not guarantee full credit for this workshop. If the professor is not satisfied with your implementation, your professor may ask you to resubmit. Re-submissions will attract a penalty.
