Description
1 Let us sort (40% of this assignment)
1.1 Description
Little X has a list A and a factor k. There are n positive integers in A. Little X wants to construct
some 2D points (xi
, yi) by assigning xi = ⌊
ai
k
⌋ and yi = ai%k, and he wants to sort these points in
several methods.
Method one, sort all points by the x-coordinates from smallest to largest, and for those with the same
x-coordinate, sort by the y-coordinates from smallest to largest.
Method two, sort all points by the x-coordinates from largest to smallest, and for those with the same
x-coordinate, sort by the y-coordinates from smallest to largest.
Method three, sort all elements ai by the x-coordinates from smallest to largest, and for those with
the same x-coordinate, sort by the y-coordinates from largest to smallest.
Method four, sort all elements ai by the x-coordinates from largest to smallest, and for those with the
same x-coordinate, sort by the y-coordinates from largest to smallest.
1.2 Input
Each test contains multiple test cases. The first line contains a single integer T(1 ≤ T ≤ 10) the
number of test cases. The description of the test cases follows.
The first line of each test case contains three integers n, k, id(1 ≤ n, k ≤ 105
, 1 ≤ id ≤ 4), separating
by one space, where n represents the length of the list and id represents the method Little X hopes
you to use.
The second line of each test case will be the list A (1 ≤ ai ≤ 109
).
The sum of n over all test cases in one test won’t exceed 5 × 105
.
1.3 Output
For each test case, output n lines, the ith line containing two integers xi
, yi
, separating by one space,
indicating the coordinate of the ith point of the constructed list sorted according to the given order.
The output of each test case is separated by one empty line.
Sample Input 1
4
2 65 1
7917 1292
1 41 1
6098
2 57 1
7920 4092
3 3 1
8596 1849 5806
Sample Output 1
19 57
121 52
148 30
71 45
138 54
616 1
1935 1
2865 1
There are four test cases in the example test, the first test case’s converted points list is [(121, 52),(19, 57)]
and Little X wants us to sort it according to the first method.
So the resulting list of the first test case is [(19, 57),(121, 52)]. The processes of the other test cases
are similar.
You can find more samples in the attached file on BB.
Problem Scale & Subtasks
There are 5 tests in total, with the same weight.
Test Case No. Constraints
1 1 ≤ n ≤ 5, id = 1.
2 1 ≤ n ≤ 100, 1 ≤ k ≤ 105
, 1 ≤ id ≤ 2
3 1 ≤ n ≤ 1000, 1 ≤ k ≤ 105
, 1 ≤ id ≤ 4
4 1 ≤ n ≤ 104
, 1 ≤ k ≤ 105
, 1 ≤ id ≤ 4
5 1 ≤ n ≤ 105
, 1 ≤ k ≤ 105
, 1 ≤ id ≤ 4
Hint
Try to define the relationship between the points by the requirement.
2 Detecting Tyranids (50% of this assignment)
2.1 Description
There is a galaxy map with n × m grids in it, and there are p Tyranid squads, each squad has k
Tyranids and is located in grid (i, j).
Suppose each grid (i, j) contains ki,j Tyranids. Now, as a commander of Space Marine, you want to
know the expected number of Tyranids in any rectangle on the map.
Formally speaking, you want to know the result of the following expression given the information of p
Tyranid squads.
Xn
a=1
Xm
b=1
Xn
c=a
Xm
d=b
Xc
i=a
X
d
j=b
ki,j
Note this number may be very large, you only need to output the remainder of the result mod
998244353.
2.2 Input
The first line contains 3 integers n, m, and p(1 ≤ n, m, p ≤ 105
).
For the following p lines, each line contains 3 integers i(1 ≤ i ≤ n), j(1 ≤ j ≤ m), and k(1 ≤ k ≤ 109
).
2.3 Output
One line contains one integer representing the remainder of the result mod 998244353.
Sample Input 1
4 3 1
2 1 1
Sample Output 1
For the first example, there is only one non-zero ki,j , k2,1 = 1.
Note that for n = 4, m = 3, there are 18 rectangles containing the grid (2, 1).
Figure 1: explanation of example 1
The orange portion has 6 grids and the blue area has 3, while 18 = 6 × 3.
Sample Input 2
5 5 5
3 4 2
4 5 6
4 4 2
2 3 1
3 4 3
Sample Output 2
800
For the second example, we can list every non-zero ki,j .
k2,3 = 1, k3,4 = 5, k4,4 = 2, k4,5 = 6. Then the target expression has a result of 800.
You can find more samples in the attached file on BB.
Problem Scale & Subtasks
There are 10 tests in total, with the same weight.
Test Case No. Constraints
1-3 1 ≤ n, m, p ≤ 10, 1 ≤ k ≤ 10
4-6 1 ≤ n, m, p ≤ 100, 1 ≤ k ≤ 100
7 1 ≤ n, m, p ≤ 105
, k = 1
8-10 1 ≤ n, m, p ≤ 105
, 1 ≤ k ≤ 109
Hint
For C/C++ and Java users, an int type stores integers range from -2,147,483,648 to 2,147,483,647. It
may be too small for this problem. You need other data types, such as long long for C/C++ and long
for Java. They store integers ranging from -9,223,372,036,854,775,808 to 9,223,372,036,854,775,807.
Use scanf(“%lld”,&n) for C, cin>>n for C++ and n = scanner.nextLong() for Java to get the
input n. And the other operations for long and long long are quite same as int.
Consider the number of grids containing one Tyranid, then consider how to combine all these numbers.
Remember to take modular after doing any arithmetic operations.
For instance, make sure for any a = b + c, you write it as a = (b + c) mod 998244353.
2.4 Extension
What if we want to calculate the variance?
