Description
Overview
Preparing the data, computing basic statistics and constructing simple models are essential
steps for various data analysis work. In this homework, you will use clinical data as raw
input to perform Mortality Prediction. For this homework, Python programming will
be required. See the attached skeleton code as a start-point for the programming questions.
Also, you need to make a single PDF file (homework1 answer.pdf ) of a compiled document
for non-programming questions.
It is your responsibility to make sure that all code and other deliverables are in the correct
format and that your submission compiles and runs. We will not manually check your code.
Thus non-runnable code will directly lead to 0 score.
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1 CITI Certification [10 points]
Georgia Tech policy requires that all personnel involved with human subjects research must
pass a training course before doing so. This requirement encompasses all types of interactions
with human subjects, including the analysis of data.
Follow the steps below to complete the CITI certification and attach your two certifications.
1. Go to https://www.citiprogram.org/
2. Login via Single Sign On (SSO), which will allow to login using your Georgia Tech
username and password
3. Select Georgia Institute of Technology as the authentication provider
4. Once logged in, under Georgia Institute of Technology courses, click on “Add Course
or Update Learner Groups”
5. Now you will have three main courses to select. You will check the box for “Human
Subjects Research”
6. Click next, then you will select the radio button “NO, I have NOT completed the basic
course”
7. Now, you will see three learner groups. You are required to complete Group 1 and
Group 2. Let us start with Group 1 (select Group 1) and click next
8. Good Clinical Practice is not required so select “N/A”, then click next
9. Health Information Privacy and Security (HIPS) is required, click ”CITI Health Information
Privacy and Security (HIPS) for Biomedical Research Investigators”
10. Now under Georgia Tech courses you will have “Group 1 Biomedical research Investigators
and Key Personnel” listed as incomplete. You will have to go through every
tutorial in that course and complete a quiz for each.
11. Once you have completed and passed Group 1, repeat the steps above to complete
Group 2 (Social / Behavioral Research Investigators and Key Personnel)
Solution. Sample certification displayed in Figure 1.
About Raw Data
Navigate to homework1/data/train. There are three CSV files which will be the input data
in this assignment.
The data provided in events.csv are event sequences. Each line of this file consists of a
tuple with the format (patient id, event id, event description, timestamp, value).
For example,
1053 , DIAG319049 , Acute respiratory failure ,2924 -10 -08 ,1.0
1053 , DIAG197320 , Acute renal failure syndrome ,2924 -10 -08 ,1.0
1053 , DRUG19122121 , Insulin ,2924 -10 -08 ,1.0
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COLLABORATIVE INSTITUTIONAL TRAINING INITIATIVE (CITI)
HUMAN RESEARCH CURRICULUM COMPLETION REPORT
Printed on 08/22/2014
LEARNER Hang Su (ID: 4270797)
EMAIL hsu34@gatech.edu
INSTITUTION Georgia Institute of Technology
EXPIRATION DATE 08/21/2017
GROUP 1 BIOMEDICAL RESEARCH INVESTIGATORS AND KEY PERSONNEL
COURSE/STAGE: Basic Course/1
PASSED ON: 08/22/2014
REFERENCE ID: 13704349
REQUIRED MODULES DATE COMPLETED
Avoiding Group Harms – U.S. Research Perspectives 08/21/14
Introduction 08/21/14
Belmont Report and CITI Course Introduction 08/21/14
History and Ethics of Human Subjects Research 08/21/14
Basic Institutional Review Board (IRB) Regulations and Review Process 08/21/14
Informed Consent 08/21/14
Social and Behavioral Research (SBR) for Biomedical Researchers 08/22/14
Records-Based Research 08/22/14
Genetic Research in Human Populations 08/22/14
Research With Protected Populations – Vulnerable Subjects: An Overview 08/22/14
Vulnerable Subjects – Research Involving Children 08/22/14
Vulnerable Subjects – Research Involving Pregnant Women, Human Fetuses, and Neonates 08/22/14
International Studies 08/22/14
FDA-Regulated Research 08/22/14
Research and HIPAA Privacy Protections 08/22/14
Vulnerable Subjects – Research Involving Workers/Employees 08/22/14
Conflicts of Interest in Research Involving Human Subjects 08/22/14
test (Restored) Archived 921 08/22/14
Stem Cell Research Oversight (Part I) 08/22/14
For this Completion Report to be valid, the learner listed above must be affiliated with a CITI Program participating institution or be a paid
Independent Learner. Falsified information and unauthorized use of the CITI Program course site is unethical, and may be considered
research misconduct by your institution.
Paul Braunschweiger Ph.D.
Professor, University of Miami
Director Office of Research Education
CITI Program Course Coordinator
(a) Group 1
COLLABORATIVE INSTITUTIONAL TRAINING INITIATIVE (CITI)
HUMAN RESEARCH CURRICULUM COMPLETION REPORT
Printed on 08/22/2014
LEARNER Hang Su (ID: 4270797)
EMAIL hsu34@gatech.edu
INSTITUTION Georgia Institute of Technology
EXPIRATION DATE 08/21/2017
GROUP 2 SOCIAL / BEHAVIORAL RESEARCH INVESTIGATORS AND KEY PERSONNEL
COURSE/STAGE: Basic Course/1
PASSED ON: 08/22/2014
REFERENCE ID: 13766823
REQUIRED MODULES DATE COMPLETED
Introduction 08/22/14
Students in Research 08/22/14
History and Ethical Principles – SBE 08/22/14
Defining Research with Human Subjects – SBE 08/22/14
The Regulations – SBE 08/22/14
Assessing Risk – SBE 08/22/14
Informed Consent – SBE 08/22/14
Privacy and Confidentiality – SBE 08/22/14
Research with Children – SBE 08/22/14
Research in Public Elementary and Secondary Schools – SBE 08/22/14
International Research – SBE 08/22/14
International Studies 08/22/14
Internet Research – SBE 08/22/14
Research and HIPAA Privacy Protections 08/22/14
Vulnerable Subjects – Research Involving Workers/Employees 08/22/14
Conflicts of Interest in Research Involving Human Subjects 08/22/14
Georgia Institute of Technology 08/22/14
For this Completion Report to be valid, the learner listed above must be affiliated with a CITI Program participating institution or be a paid
Independent Learner. Falsified information and unauthorized use of the CITI Program course site is unethical, and may be considered
research misconduct by your institution.
Paul Braunschweiger Ph.D.
Professor, University of Miami
Director Office of Research Education
CITI Program Course Coordinator
(b) Group 2
Figure 1: Sample CITI Certification
1053 , DRUG19122121 , Insulin ,2924 -10 -11 ,1.0
1053 , LAB3026361 , Erythrocytes in Blood ,2924 -10 -08 ,3.000
1053 , LAB3026361 , Erythrocytes in Blood ,2924 -10 -08 ,3.690
1053 , LAB3026361 , Erythrocytes in Blood ,2924 -10 -09 ,3.240
1053 , LAB3026361 , Erythrocytes in Blood ,2924 -10 -10 ,3.470
• patient id: Identifies the patients in order to differentiate them from others. For
example, the patient in the example above has patient id 1053.
• event id: Encodes all the clinical events that a patient has had. For example,
DRUG19122121 means that a drug with RxNorm code as 19122121 was prescribed to
the patient. DIAG319049 means the patient was diagnosed of disease with SNOMED
code of 319049 and LAB3026361 means that the laboratory test with a LOINC code
of 3026361 was performed on the patient.
• event description: Shows the description of the event. For example, DIAG319049 is
the code for Acute respiratory failure and DRUG19122121 is the code for Insulin.
• timestamp: Indicates the date at which the event happened. Here the timestamp is
not a real date but a shifted date for protecting privacy of patients.
• value: Contains the value associated to an event. See Table 1 for the detailed description.
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event type sample event id value meaning example
diagnostic code DIAG319049 diagnosed with a certain
disease, value always
be 1.0
1.0
drug consumption DRUG19122121 prescribed a certain
medication, value will
always be 1.0
1.0
laboratory test LAB3026361 test conducted on a
patient and its value
3.690
Table 1: Event sequence value explanation
The data provided in mortality events.csv contains the patient ids of only the deceased
people. They are in the form of a tuple with the format (patient id, timestamp, label). For
example,
37 ,3265 -12 -31 ,1
40 ,3202 -11 -11 ,1
The timestamp indicates the death date of a deceased person and a label of 1 indicates
death. Patients that are not mentioned in this file are considered alive.
The event feature map.csv is a map from an event id (SNOMED, LOINC and RxNorm)
to an integer index. This file contains (int id, event id) pairs for all event ids.
Python and dependencies
In this homework, we will work on Python 2.7 environment. If you do not have a python
distribution installed yet, we recommend installing Anaconda (or miniconda) with Python
2.7. We provide homework1/environment.yml which contains a list of libraries needed to
set environment for this homework. You can use it to create a copy of conda ‘environment’
(https://conda.pydata.org/docs/using/envs.html#use-environment-from-file). If you already
have your own Python development environment (it should be Python 2.7), please refer to
this file to find necessary libraries.
Running the tests
Test cases are provided for every module in this assignment and operate on a subset of the
data. To run a test, execute the following commands from the base folder i.e. homework1. If
any of the test cases fail, an error will be shown. For example to test the statistics computed,
the following command should be executed:
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nosetests tests/test statistics.py
A single test can also be run using this syntax:
nosetests tests/< f ilename :< test method
2 Descriptive Statistics [10 points]
Before starting analytic modeling, it is a good practice to get descriptive statistics of the
input raw data. In this section, you need to write code that computes various metrics on
the data described previously. A skeleton code is provided to you as a starting point.
The definition of terms used in the result table are described below:
• Event count: Number of events recorded for a given patient. Note that every line in
the input file is an event.
• Encounter count: Count of unique dates on which a given patient visited the ICU.
All the events – DIAG, LAB and DRUG – should be considered as ICU visiting events.
• Record length: Duration (in number of days) between the first event and last event
for a given patient.
For example, if the first event is on 2014-05-21 and the last event is on 2014-05-24, the
duration is 3 days. If a patient has only one event, the duration is 0.
a. Complete src/event statistics.py to implement the required statistics.
Please be aware that you are NOT allowed to change the filename and any existing
function declarations. Only numpy, scipy, scikit-learn and other built-in modules
of python will be available for you to use. The use of pandas library is suggested.
b. Use events.csv and mortality events.csv provided in data/train as input and fill
Table 2 with actual values. Include this table in homework1 answer.pdf
Deliverable: src/event statistics.py, homework1 answer.pdf [10 points]
3 Feature construction [30 points]
It is a common practice to convert raw data into a standard data format before running real
machine learning models. In this section, you will work on src/etl.py file and implement the
necessary python functions in this script. You will work with events.csv, mortality events.csv
and event feature map.csv files provided in data/train folder. The use of pandas library
in this question is recommended. Listed below are a few concepts you need to know before
beginning feature construction (for details please refer to lectures).
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Metric Deceased patients Alive patients Function to complete
Event Count event count metrics
1. Average Event Count
2. Max Event Count
3. Min Event Count
Encounter Count encounter count metrics
1. Average Encounter Count
2. Max Encounter Count
3. Min Encounter Count
Record Length record length metrics
1. Average Record Length
2. Max Record Length
3. Min Record Length
Table 2: Descriptive statistics for alive and dead patients
• Observation Window: The time interval you will use to identify relevant events. Only
events present in this window should be included while constructing feature vectors.
The size of observation window is 2000 days.
• Prediction Window: A fixed time interval that is to be used to make the prediction.
Events in this interval should not be included in constructing feature vectors. The size
of prediction window is 30 days.
• Index date: The day on which mortality is to be predicted. Index date is evaluated as
follows:
– For deceased patients: Index date is 30 days prior to the death date (timestamp
field) in data/train/mortality events.csv.
– For alive patients: Index date is the last event date in data/train/events.csv for
each alive patient.
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Step – a. Compute the index date [8 points]
Use the definition provided above to compute the index date for all patients. Complete the
method calculate index date provided in src/etl.py .
Deliverable: src/etl.py, deliverables/etl index dates.csv
Step – b. Filter events [5 points]
Consider an observation window (2000 days) and prediction window (30 days). Remove
the events that occur outside the observation window. Complete the method f ilter events
provided in src/etl.py .
Deliverable: src/etl.py, deliverables/etl filtered events.csv
c. Aggregate events [10 points]
To create features suitable for machine learning, we will need to aggregate the events for
each patient as follows:
• sum values for diagnostics and medication events (i.e. event id starting with DIAG
and DRUG).
• count occurences for lab events (i.e. event id starting with LAB).
Each event type will become a feature and we will directly use event id as feature name.
For example, given below raw event sequence for a patient,
1053 , DIAG319049 , Acute respiratory failure ,2924 -10 -08 ,1.0
1053 , DIAG197320 , Acute renal failure syndrome ,2924 -10 -08 ,1.0
1053 , DRUG19122121 , Insulin ,2924 -10 -08 ,1.0
1053 , DRUG19122121 , Insulin ,2924 -10 -11 ,1.0
1053 , LAB3026361 , Erythrocytes in Blood ,2924 -10 -08 ,3.000
1053 , LAB3026361 , Erythrocytes in Blood ,2924 -10 -08 ,3.690
1053 , LAB3026361 , Erythrocytes in Blood ,2924 -10 -09 ,3.240
1053 , LAB3026361 , Erythrocytes in Blood ,2924 -10 -10 ,3.470
We can get feature value pairs(event id, value) for this patient with ID 1053 as
( DIAG319049 , 1.0)
( DIAG197320 , 1.0)
( DRUG19122121 , 2.0)
( LAB3026361 , 4)
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You will notice there are certain events with no entries in the values column.
Handle these missing values by removing all events with null values while
constructing the features. Next, replace each event id with the feature id provided in
data/train/event feature map.csv
(708 , 1.0)
(306 , 1.0)
(2475 , 2.0)
(3030 , 3.35)
Further, in machine learning algorithm like logistic regression, it is important to normalize
different features into the same scale using an approach like min-max normalization (hint:
min(xi) maps to 0 and max(xi) 1 for feature xi). Complete the method aggregate events
provided in src/etl.py .
Deliverable: src/etl.py and deliverables/etl aggregated events.csv
d. Save in SVMLight format [7 points]
If the dimensionality of a feature vector is large but the feature vector is sparse (i.e. it has
only a few nonzero elements), sparse representation should be employed. In this problem
you will use the provided data for each patient to construct a feature vector and represent
the feature vector in SVMLight format.
< line .=. < target < feature : < value < feature : < value #<info
< target .=. +1 | -1 | 0 | < float
< feature .=. < integer | qid
< value .=. < float
< info .=. < string
For example, the feature vector in SVMLight format will look like:
1 2:0.5 3:0.12 10:0.9 2000:0.3
0 4:1.0 78:0.6 1009:0.2
1 33:0.1 34:0.98 1000:0.8 3300:0.2
1 34:0.1 389:0.32
where, 1 or 0 will indicate whether the patient is alive or dead i.e. the label and it will
be followed by a series of feature-value pairs sorted by the feature index (idx) value.
Deliverable: src/etl.py, deliverables/featured svmlight.train and deliverables/features.train
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4 Predictive Modeling [45 points]
4.1 Model Creation [15 points]
In the previous section, you constructed feature vectors for patients to be used as training
data in various predictive models (classifiers). Now you will use this training data (deliverables/featured
svmlight.train) in 3 predictive models.
a. Implement Logistic Regression, SVM and Decision Tree. Skeleton code is provided in
src/models partb.py, src/models partc.py.
b. Report all the performance metrics on the training data (deliverables/featured svmlight.train).
Skeleton code is provided in src/models partb.py. You will evaluate and report the performance
of your predictive models based on the metrics listed in Table 3. Include this table
in homework1 answer.pdf
Model Accuracy AUC Precision Recall F-Score
Logistic Regression
SVM
Decision Tree
Table 3: Model performance on training data
c. Evaluate your predictive models on a separate test data that is provided to you in
data/features svmlight.validate (binary labels are provided in that svmlight file as the first
field). Skeleton code is provided in src/models partc.py. You will evaluate and report the
performance of your predictive models based on the metrics listed in Table 4. Include this
table in homework1 answer.pdf
Model Accuracy AUC Precision Recall F-Score
Logistic Regression
SVM
Decision Tree
Table 4: Model performance on test data
d. Based on the performance metrics on training and test data, please propose some
strategies to improve the test performance and also provide the justification for your recommendation.
For example, the strategies can be “gather more training data” or “do parameter
tuning more on the algorithms”.
Deliverable: src/models partb.py, src/models partc.py, homework1 answer.pdf
[15 points]
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4.2 Model Validation [10 points]
In order to fully utilize the available data and obtain more reliable results, machine learning
practitioners use cross-validation to evaluate and improve their predictive models. In this
section, you will demonstrate using two cross-validation strategies against Logistic Regression.
• K-Fold: Divide all the data into k groups of samples. Each time 1
k
samples will be
used as test data and the remaining samples as training data.
• Randomized (Shuffle Split): Iteratively random shuffle the whole dataset and use top
specific percentage of data as training and the rest as test.
a. Implement the two strategies in src/cross.py. Use k=5 for K-Fold. Use a test data
percentage of 0.2 and 5 for the number of iterations for Randomized.
b. Report the average Accuracy and AUC in Table 5. Include this table in homework1
answer.pdf
CV strategy Accuracy AUC
K-Fold
Randomized
Table 5: Cross Validation
NOTE: You will use the features that you constructed in Section 3 as the entire dataset
for this problem.
Deliverable: src/cross.py, homework1 answer.pdf [10 points]
4.3 Self Model Creation [15 points]
In this part, you will choose your own predictive model and set of features to attempt to
obtain better performance compared to what you just worked on. You are advised to try out
different things to improve the performance of your predictive model. One may try out new
features, or use feature selection techniques to reduce the feature set, or tune the parameters
of the predictive model or try ensemble techniques. However, one must not change the
observation window and prediction window.
You should use the data available in data/train to construct features and train your
predictive model. It is advisable to use cross validation and AUC as the metric to determine
the relative performance of your model. Your final model will be evaluated on a
(blind) test set for which the labels are unknown to you. The events in the observation
window corresponding to the test patients are available in data/test/events.csv. If you are
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using the same features as in Section 3 for the test set, you may use the feature map in
data/test/event feature map.csv.
a. Implement your predictive model in src/my model.py. You are free to use your own
features and predictive model. Please ensure that your predicted labels are either 0 or 1.
Report your features of the test patients in deliverables/test features.txt. Submit your predictions
in the form of a csv file (patient id, predicted label) in deliverables/my predictions.csv
b. Write a short paragraph on your best predictive model (based on cross validation
and AUC) and the other models that you tried. What was the rationale behind your approach?
Did your model perform better than in the previous section? Include this in
homework1 answer.pdf
Deliverable 1: deliverables/test features.txt
(Refer to the skeleton code for the required format)
Deliverable 2: src/my model.py
Deliverable 3: deliverables/my predictions.csv
4.4 Kaggle [5 + up to 5 bonus points]
Kaggle is a platform for predictive modelling and analytics competitions. Submit your deliverables/my
predictions.csv to a kaggle competition created specifically for this assignment
to compete with your fellow classmates. A gatech.edu email address is required to participate;
follow the sign up directions using your university email address or if you already have
an account, change the email on your existing account via your profile settings so you can
participate. Make sure your display name (not necessarily your username) matches either
your actual full name or your GT account username so your kaggle submission can be linked
back to T-Square.
Evaluation criteria is AUC. The predicted label is a soft label, which represents the
possibility of mortality for each patient you predict. The label range is between 0 and 1. 50%
of the data is used for the public leaderboard where you can receive feedback on your model.
The final private leaderboard will use the remaining 50% of the data and will determine your
final class ranking. More specific details can be found on the kaggle competition website.
Score at least 0.6 AUC to receive 5 points of credit. Additional bonus points can be
received for your performance according to the following:
• Top 10%: 5 bonus points
• Top 15%: 4 bonus points
• Top 20%: 3 bonus points
• Top 25%: 2 bonus points
• Top 30%: 1 bonus point
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Percentages are based on the entire class size, not just those who submit to kaggle.
5 Submission [5 points]
The folder structure of your submission should be as below. You can use the tree command
to dispay and verify the folder structure is as seen below. All modified src code should
be in src folder. You should not change the given function names in source code.
All other unrelated files will be discarded during testing and you will get ZERO
score for Submission part.
< your gtid – < your gt account – hw1
| – – homework1_answer . pdf
| – – src
| – – event_statistics . py
| – – etl . py
| – – models_partb . py
| – – models_partc . py
| – – cross . py
| – – utils . py
\ – – my_model . py
| – – deliverables
| – – etl_index_dates . csv
| – – etl_filtered_events . csv
| – – etl_aggregated_events . csv
| – – features_svmlight . train
| – – features . train
| – – test_features . txt
\ – – my_predictions . csv
Create a tar archive of the folder above with the following command and submit the tar file.
tar – czvf < your gtid – < your gt account – hw1 . tar . gz \
< your gtid – < your gt account – hw1
Example submission: 901234567-gburdell3-hw1.tar.gz
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